卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送电视节目管理办法(附英文)
广播电视部 国家安全部等
卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送电视节目管理办法(附英文)
1990年5月28日,广播电视部、公安部、国家安全部
办法
第一条 为了加强对卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的管理,保障对外经济、科技和文化交流,促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设,制定本办法。
第二条 本办法所称卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目,是指单位利用已有的卫星地面接收设施或者设置专门的卫星地面接收设施接收与本单位业务工作有直接关系的外国卫星传送的电视节目。
第三条 广播电影电视部负责全国卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的管理工作。
省、自治区、直辖市广播电视厅(局)负责本行政区内卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的管理工作。
第四条 教育、科研、新闻、金融、经贸以及其他确因业务工作需要的单位,可以按照本办法的规定,申请利用已有的卫星地面接收设施或者设置专门的卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目。
常住外国人的涉外宾馆(饭店)、公寓确需提供国际金融、商情等经济信息服务的,可以按照本办法的规定,申请设置专门接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的卫星地面接收设施。
接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的卫星地面接收设施,由中国广播电视部门组织提供安装和维修服务。
第五条 申请利用已有的卫星地面接收设施或者申请设置专门的卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目,应当具备下列条件:
(一)本单位的业务工作确有接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的必要;
(二)有确定的接收方位、接收内容和收视对象范围;
(三)有符合国家标准的技术设备;
(四)有合格的专职管理人员;
(五)有健全的管理制度。
第六条 利用已有的或者设置专门的卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的单位,应当向省级以上主管部门提出书面申请,经审查同意的,由申请单位报所在省、自治区、直辖市广播电视厅(局)审批。广播电视厅(局)批准的,发给《卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送
的电视节目许可证》(以下简称《许可证》),并由审批机关报广播电影电视部、公安部、国家安全部备案。
第七条 已有卫星地面接收设施的单位,未持有《许可证》的,不得接收外国卫星传送的电视节目;其他单位,未持有《许可证》的,不得设置卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目。
第八条 持有《许可证》的单位,必须严格按照《许可证》载明的接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的接收目的、接收内容、接收方位、接收方式和收视对象的范围等要求,接收和使用外国电视节目。
《许可证》不得涂改或者转让。因业务工作发生变化需要改变《许可证》规定的内容或者不再接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的,应当及时报请审批机关换发或者注销《许可证》,由审批机关按照本办法第六条的规定,报有关机关备案。
第九条 持有《许可证》的单位,接收外国卫星传送的电视节目,只允许在本单位业务工作中使用。除本单位领导批准外,一律不得录制。严禁将所接收的外国卫星传送的电视节目在国内电视台、有线电视台、录像放映点播放或者以其他方式进行传播。
经批准录制的音像资料目录,必须定期报所在地的广播电视、公安和国家安全部门备案。
录制的音像资料必须指定专人严格保管。
第十条 广播电视、公安和国家安全部门负责监督检查卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的管理工作,对违反本办法接收、录制、传播外国卫星传送的电视节目的行为有权予以制止。
第十一条 违反本办法第八条、第九条规定的单位,由省、自治区、直辖市广播电视厅(局)会同公安、国家安全厅(局)视情节轻重,给予警告、二万元以下的罚款、直至吊销《许可证》的处罚。吊销《许可证》的,可以同时没收其使用的卫星地面接收设施。对单位的直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,省、自治区、直辖市广播电视、公安、国家安全厅(局)可以建议其主管部门给予行政处分;情节严重构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第十二条 违反本办法第七条的规定,未持有《许可证》而擅自设置卫星地面接收设施或者接收外国卫星传送的电视节目的单位,省、自治区、直辖市广播电视厅(局)会同公安、国家安全厅(局)可以没收其卫星地面接收设施,并处以五万元以下的罚款。对单位的直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以建议其主管部门给予行政处分;有私自录制、传播行为,情节严重构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第十三条 当事人对罚款或者吊销《许可证》的处罚不服的,可以在收到处罚决定书之日起十五日内,向同级人民政府申请复议,也可以向人民法院起诉;对行政复议不服的,可以在收到复议决定书之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉。逾期不申请复议或者不起诉的,吊销许可证的处罚生效;逾期不申请复议或者不起诉又不交纳罚款的,罚款的处罚由作出处罚决定的机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第十四条 军队以及公安、国家安全部门因国防、公安和国家安全工作需要利用已有的或者专门设置的卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目,由中国人民解放军总参谋部、公安部、国家安全部分别制定措施进行管理。
外国驻华使(领)馆,以及其他享有外交特权与豁免的机构设置卫星地面接收设施接收外国卫星传送的电视节目,通过外交途径办理。
第十五条 本办法由广播电影电视部解释。
第十六条 本办法自发布之日起施行。
ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES FOR RECEPTION OF TELEVISION PROGRAMMESTRANSMITTED VIA FOREIGN SATELLITES BY GROUND SATELLITE RECEIVING FA-CILITIES
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES FOR RECEPTION OF TELEVISION PROGRAMMES
TRANSMITTED VIA FOREIGN SATELLITES BY GROUND SATELLITE RECEIVING FA-
CILITIES
(Approved by the State Council on April 9, 1990 and promulgated in
the No.1 Decree jointly issued by the Ministry of Radio, Film and
Television, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of State
Security on May 28, 1990)
Article 1
These Measures are formulated for the purpose of strengthening the
administration of reception of television programmes transmitted via
foreign satellites by ground satellite receiving facilities, safeguarding
the economic, technological and cultural exchanges with foreign countries
and promoting the construction of socialist material civilization and
spiritual civilization.
Article 2
The term "reception of television programmes transmitted via foreign
satellites by ground satellite receiving facilities" as used in these
Measures refers to the reception by units of foreign-satellite-transmitted
television programmes that are directly related to the work or business
operations of these units by utilizing their existing ground satellite
receiving facilities or installing special ground satellite receiving
facilities.
Article 3
The Ministry of Radio, Film and Television shall be in charge of the
administration of reception of the television programmes transmitted via
foreign satellites by ground satellite receiving facilities throughout
China.
The departments (or bureaus) of radio and television of the provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government shall be in charge of administration of the reception of the
television programmes transmitted via foreign satellites by ground
satellite receiving facilities in their respective administrative areas.
Article 4
Units of education, scientific research, journalism, finance, and economic
relations and trade and other units that are really necessitated by the
needs of work may, in accordance with the provisions of these Procedures,
apply to utilize their existing ground satellite receiving facilities or
install special ground satellite receiving facilities to receive
television programmes transmitted via foreign satellites. Guest houses
(or hotels) and apartments which permanently accommodate foreigners may,
on condition that it is really necessary for them to provide economic
information services concerning international financial and marketing
situation, apply to install special ground satellite receiving facilities
to receive television programmes transmitted via foreign satellites in
accordance with these Procedures.
Services with respect to the installation and administration of ground
satellite receiving facilities for receiving television programmes
transmitted via foreign satellites shall be organized and provided by
Chinese departments of radio and television.
Article 5
A unit that intends to utilize its existing ground satellite receiving
facilities or install special ground satellite receiving facilities to
receive television programmes transmitted via foreign satellites shall
satisfy the following requirements:
(1) the work or business operations of the applying unit demands reception
of television programmes transmitted via foreign satellites;
(2) the direction of reception, the content thereof and the scope of
eligible viewers have been definitely specified;
(3) the applying unit possesses the technology and equipment that measure
up to the standard of the state;
(4) the applying unit possesses qualified professional personnel for the
administration of such programmes; and
(5) there is a sound system of administration in the applying unit.
Article 6
A unit that intends to utilize its existing ground satellite receiving
facilities or install special ground satellite receiving facilities to
receive television programmes transmitted via foreign satellites shall
apply in writing to the competent department at or above the provincial
level. If consent is granted thereto upon examination, the applying unit
shall proceed to submit the application for examination and approval to
the department (or bureau) of radio and television of the province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government
where the applying unit is located. Upon approval by the department (or
bureau) of radio and television, a permit to receive television programmes
transmitted via foreign satellites (hereinafter referred to as "permit")
shall be issued to the applying unit and the case shall be reported by the
examining and approving authorities to the Ministry of Radio, Film and
Television, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of State
Security for the record.
Article 7
Without holding a permit, no unit already in possession of ground
satellite receiving facilities may receive television programmes
transmitted via foreign satellites, no other units may, without holding a
permit, install ground satellite receiving facilities to receive
television programmes transmitted via foreign satellites.
Article 8
A unit holding a permit shall, in receiving and making use of foreign
television programmes, strictly comply with the requirements specified in
the permit as to the purpose of reception, the content, directions and
modes thereof and the scope of eligible viewers.
No permit may be tampered with or transferred. If changes in the work or
business operations require alterations in the provisions of the permit or
make it no longer necessary to receive television programmes transmitted
via foreign satellites, the unit concerned shall submit in good time to
the examining and approving authorities a request for the issuance of a
new permit or for the cancellation of the permit already issued and the
examining and approving authorities shall report the case to the
authorities concerned for the record in accordance with the provision of
Article 6 of these Measures.
Article 9
A unit holding a permit may use the television programmes received from
transmission via foreign satellites only in the work or business
operations of the unit itself and, unless otherwise approved by the
leadership of the unit, no television programmes received from
transmission via foreign satellites may be recorded. It shall be strictly
forbidden to replay the television programmes received from transmission
via foreign satellites at any domestic television stations, closed-circuit
television stations or video-tape projection centres or to transmit them
by any other means. The catalogue of the audio-visual materials recorded
upon approval shall be submitted regularly for the records to the
departments of radio and television, public security and state security in
the locality where the unit is situated.
The recorded audio-visual materials shall be placed for strict safe-
keeping by a specially appointed person.
Article 10
Departments of radio and television, public security and state security
shall be responsible for exercising supervision and inspection over the
administration of the reception of television programmes transmitted via
foreign satellites by ground satellite receiving facilities and shall have
the right to stop any acts of violation of these Procedures in receiving,
recording or transmitting television programmes transmitted via foreign
satellites.
Article 11
If any unit violates the provisions in Articles 8 and 9 of these Measures,
the department (or bureau) of the province, autonomous region or
municipality directly under the Central Government shall, in conjunction
with the Department (or Bureau) of Public Security and the Department
(Bureau) of State Security at the same level and in accordance with the
seriousness of the case, give such penalties as issuing a warning,
imposing a fine of not more than Renminbi 20,000 yuan or, in an extreme
case, revoking the permit. Where the permit is revoked, the ground
satellite receiving facilities may also be confiscated concurrently. The
department (or bureau) of radio and television, the department (of bureau)
of public security and the department (or bureau) of state security of the
province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central
Government may suggest to the competent department concerned that
administrative sanctions be imposed on the unit's leading personnel in
charge of the work and other persons directly responsible. If the
violation is so serious as to constitute a crime, criminal liability shall
be investigated by the judicial department in accordance with the law.
Article 12
If, in violation of the provision in Article 7 of these Measures, any unit
without holding a permit installs ground satellite receiving facilities or
receives television programmes transmitted via foreign satellites without
authorization, the department (or bureau) of radio and television may, in
accordance with the department (or bureau) of public security and the
department (or bureau) of state security at the same level, confiscate the
ground satellite receiving facilities, with an additional imposition of a
fine of not more than Renminbi 50,000 yuan, and may suggest to the
competent department concerned to impose administrative sanctions on the
unit's leading personnel in charge of the work and other persons directly
responsible. Those who have recorded the programmes or disseminated them
without authorization, if the circumstances are so serious as to
constitute a crime, shall be investigated for criminal liability by the
judicial department in accordance with the law.
Article 13
Any party who is not satisfied with the penalty of a fine or of the
revocation of the permit may, within 15 days of receipt of the decision on
penalty, apply to the people's government at the same level for
reconsideration or may file a suit with the people's court. Any party who
is not satisfied with the result of the administrative reconsideration
may, within 15 days of receipt of the decision of reconsideration, file a
suit with the people's court. If no application for reconsideration is
submitted or no suit is filed within the prescribed period, the penalty of
revoking the permit shall go into effect. If no application for
reconsideration is submitted or no suit is filed within the prescribed
period and yet the fine imposed is not turned in, the authorities that
have made the decision on penalty shall apply to the people's court for
compulsory execution.
Article 14
With respect to reception of television programmes transmitted via foreign
satellites by units of the armed forces and the departments of public
security and state security utilizing their existing ground satellite
receiving facilities or installing special ground satellite receiving
facilities as are necessitated by national defence and public security and
state security, the Headquarters of the General Staff of the Chinese
People's Liberation Army, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry
of State Security shall respectively formulate measures for the
administration thereof. If foreign embassies (or consulates) stationed in
China and other institutions which enjoy diplomatic privileges and
immunities intend to install ground satellite receiving facilities to
receive television programmes transmitted via foreign satellites, they
shall handle the matter through diplomatic channels.
Article 15
The Ministry of Radio, Film and Television shall be responsible for the
interpretation of these Measures.
Article 16
These Measures shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
监督监督者
杨涛
贾军英,这位太原市人民检察院反贪局局长——“有幸荣登”为全国首位落马的省辖市检察院的反贪局局长——近日被山西省忻州市中级人民法院一审以犯受贿罪和帮助犯罪分子逃避处罚罪,数罪并罚判处无期徒刑,剥夺政治权利终身,并处没收个人财产2万元,为中国的贪官榜上又添加了浓黑的一笔。不过,让我们感到震惊和最不能容忍的却不是其收受他人财物价值50余万元和帮助犯罪分子逃避处罚的犯罪事实,在贪官们的犯罪数额动辄以百万、千万计的今天,贾军英的区区50余万元实在是小巫见大巫,让我们感到震惊的吸引媒体眼球的是他的特殊身份——反贪局局长。
众所周知,在我们国家,检察院是国家法律监督机关,而反贪局——反贪污贿赂工作局,是检察院下属的最重要的机构,直接承担着对贪污受贿等腐败犯罪进行侦查的职能。反贪的权力是最为前沿的对公权力进行法律监督的权力,在某种意义上讲是其他公权力之上的公权力,在反腐败斗争中可谓是重中之重。在长期的权力与权力的对话实践中,反贪局局长们也能最为真切地感受到他们手中权力给他们带来的荣耀,因此,一些反贪局局长自称反贪局为“天下第一局”也许是这种荣耀的最好写照。但是,反贪局局长带头腐败,社会将无从去寻找公平、正义和良心的保护者。因为,如果说一般官员的腐败是污染了水流,那么反贪败的人也腐败则是把水源污染了。所以,反贪局局长自身也腐败是最不能容忍。
然而,贾军英不是第一位也不是最后一位因为腐败而落马的反贪局局长。在他之前,去年12 月,贵州省贵阳市中级法院依法对贵州省检察院反贪局原局长刘国庆受贿一案进行公开宣判:以被告人刘国庆犯受贿罪,判处有期徒刑十三年,并处没收个人财产人民币10万元,赃款予以没收、追缴。在他之后,今年6月,因成功查清“马向东”案而被中纪委、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院等8家单位荣记一等功的江苏省人民检察院副检察长、省反贪局局长韩建林由于涉嫌违纪被免职,并被立案审查。
我们不能不为之而大声惊呼:反贪局局长们怎么了!现在也许到了我们好好地检讨反贪败的人、监督者为何也屡屡落马的时候了?
追根溯源,法律是由人来进行而不是神或者柏拉图所说的“哲学王”执行,而我们又不得不承认人性是有弱点,人心中总是隐藏着贪欲的魔鬼,权力会给人带来难以想象的诱惑,掌有权力者只要有缝隙便会千方百计去寻租,权力只有遇到边界才会停止。而反贪局局长们之所以为反腐败者,是因为他们是处于反腐败的位置,并非其先天具有道德上的优越性。因而,反腐败的人如果道德自律的失范和没有制度上的有力制约,又自认为掌有反腐败的权力、自认为持有较强的反侦查能力,一般人对他奈何不得,可以放松对自身的严格要求,那么,贪欲总是在有机会的时候就暴露出来。
因而,在现实中,我们总能看到,一些反腐败的人并未把查办腐败案件当作一项正义的事业,不是以一腔浩然正气去查办腐败案件,不是把查办腐败当作是关系到党和国家生死存亡的正义事业,不是站在腐败分子势不两立的高度去查办腐败案件。而是要么因为有领导批示、交办,为完成领导的要求而查办腐败案件;要么是为了多出政绩,为了完成上级下达的目标考评而查办腐败案件;要么是多查办案件多追赃多返还,为单位小集体多出效益而查办腐败案件;要么是为这些掌有实权的腐败分子不敢小瞧自己,为自己今后谋私利提供更多方便而查办腐败案件;要么为打击政治对手而查办腐败案件。因而,一些那怕是被中纪委表彰的“反腐英雄”、 “反腐标兵”, 并不把腐败看作是可耻的事情,反而在反腐败斗争中看到腐败给人带来的好处,也热衷于搞腐败。贾军英也有不错的工作业绩,在全省反贪考核工作中,太原市反贪局连续5年第一,尤其是2002年,太原市反贪局获侦查、综合两项全省第一,然而,这一切并不妨碍他自己从事腐败。
反腐败走向误区、反贪败的人热衷于搞腐败关键在于我们的制度出了问题,权力具有易腐性,绝对的权力绝对的腐败。权力只有受到监督和制约,腐败者才不能利用权力去从事腐败,从而也在道德上更加自律。然而,没有人可以否认反贪局局长们没有受到监督,他们上面有检察长,检察院之上有人大的监督,还有党委纪检委的监督,人民群众、社会舆论的监督。但是,事实上这些监督却没有发挥其强有力的作用让反贪局局长们在腐败面前望而却步,这又是为什么呢?
我们承认,反贪局局长是检察院下属的最重要的机构,反贪局局长在某种程度上掌有的权力并不亚于检察长,但是迄今为止,我们在用人上并没有建立对反贪局局长和反贪干警的特殊的人员遴选机制。反贪局局长的任用等同于检察院的其他中层领导,无须特殊的资格和道德上的要求,反贪局局长的任用不须公开选拔,不须公示,他们也不用向人大及其常委会报告工作和进行述职,不用接受人民代表的质询,相反的是一些地方领导意识到这个位置的重要性,千方百计随意安排自己的人担任,想方设法提高他们的政治地位(比如机构升格、局长进党组)。因而,反贪局局长和反贪干警在进入门槛之时起就要有更加严格的要求,要有更为严格的资格和高标准的道德要求,任职公示和报告工作、接受质询等相应的制度都要建立起来。
我们也承认,反贪的权力是最为前沿的对公权力进行法律监督的权力,是其他公权力之上的公权力,但是针对这种强力公权的制约却软弱无力。对职务犯罪案件的侦查是自立、自侦、自捕、自诉、自撤,当然这里面也有检察机关的内部监督和上级监督,但这种自己人监督自己人的效果可想而知。因而,对于反贪局侦查的案件,必须引入法院的制约,对于这些案件的犯罪嫌疑人需要逮捕的,必须要由法院来审查批准。而对于群众举报的案件不立案及已经侦查的案件要撤案,必须接受群众和人大代表的监督,向他们说明理由,形成制度化。目前,最高人民检察院推行的人民监督员制度,也正朝这个方向努力。
此外,由于反贪局是反腐败机关,加之地方领导对于反贪工作的依赖,是干涉的多、监督的少,地方纪委由于工作联系与反贪局工作联系密切,也是监督乏力。因而群众举报他们的腐败问题,查处是异常的困难。因此,有必要在人大和纪委中建立一种针对反贪局工作人员腐败的必须建立特殊的调查和侦查机制,确保对于群众的举报能及时启动调查,监督者也不能逃脱监督。
美国开国元勋杰斐逊说:“没有一种权力可能超出其法律限制而不受其他权力的制约和约束。” 反贪局长们的权力只有受到法律的规制和其他权力的制约与监督,才能合法运行造福于人民。因而,监督监督者是我们永恒的命题。
通联:江西省赣州市人民检察院 杨涛 华东政法学院法律硕士 邮编:341000
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